省略技巧常用的两种情况及运用
1、语法性的省略,多见于英译汉。
英语中各类代词的使用十分频繁,要是在译成汉语时,如不省略读起来就会很别扭。例如:
(1)He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他将双手放进衣袋,然后耸了耸肩。
另一种情况是冠词的省略,汉语中没有冠词,英语中的定冠词a,an如果不具有试词one的含义,便可以省略,不定冠词the如果不具备指示代词this,that,these,those的含义,也应当省略。例如:
(2)The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow.
力的方向可以用箭头表示。
再就是介词连词的省略。英语词句之间的连接依靠介词和连词来完成,而汉语讲究不言而喻,故将英语译成汉语时,吋尽量省略介词和连词。例如:
(3)The difference between the two machines consists in power.
这两台机器的盖别在于功率不同。
(4)If I had known it,I would not have joined in it.
早知如此,我就不参加了。
动词也有省略,例如:
(5)When the pressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low.
气压低,沸点就低。
非人称代词“it”如果在句中表示时间、距离、天气或作形式主语宾语,在译汉语时也应省略。例如:
(6)Outside it wos pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。
(7)It's your wallet.I found it at the corner.
这是你的钱包。我在角落里找到的。
2、语义性省略,多见于汉译英。
包括省略从译文看是不必要的审复、冗词之类的赘言;省略概念范畴类词语;省略过详的细节描述或重复的信息。例如:
(8)我们必须培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
(9)请及时向管理部门回报工作情况。
Please report your work to the management in a timely manner.
(10)她把自己的一生都献給了儿童福利事业。
She devoted her whole life to the welfare of children.
(11)关于利润分配问题,我就说这些。
On profit distribution,that's all I have got to say.